In Part 1 of our EB-2 National Interest Waiver (NIW) blog, we explained what the EB-2 NIW is, who it is designed for, and how the Dhanasar framework helps determine eligibility. If you missed that overview, you can read it here.

In this second part, we walk you through the EB-2 NIW process, from preparing your petition to receiving your green card. Whether you're an entrepreneur, researcher, or skilled professional pursuing work that benefits the United States, this guide will help you understand the steps and documents involved in bringing your NIW case to completion. If you're planning your U.S. immigration journey through this self-petitioned pathway, this breakdown is designed to give you clarity and direction at every stage.

The process to apply for permanent residency via the EB-2 NIW route can be thought of in two main phases: 

(1) The EB-2 NIW petition to prove your eligibility and secure a priority date. 

(2) The green card application to obtain your permanent resident status. 

Let’s go through it step-by-step, including how Matter of Dhanasar fits in, along with timelines and practical considerations.

Step 1: Preparing and Filing the I-140 Petition (NIW)

This is the core of the NIW process. With the NIW you, the foreign national, can self-petition, but your employer can also petition for you. Think of it this way: when you file for a self-petition, you are the petitioner rather than your employer. You will file Form I-140, Immigrant Petition for Alien Worker, checking the option indicating you seek a National Interest Waiver. Your petition must include evidence showing that you qualify for the EB-2 category and that you meet the NIW requirements, also known as the Dhanasar prongs.

One critical element is the proposed endeavor. This must be clearly defined. If the endeavor is vague or uncertain, such as "I wish to work in field X" or "I am an expert in Y and hope to find work in that field," USCIS may find it difficult to assess the value or national relevance of your work, which can weaken the positioning of your petition. A clearly written personal endeavor statement is helpful here. It should explain your expertise, describe how your work benefits the United States, and confirm your ability and intent to continue in the field. If you are an employee, you can highlight how your current or future job allows you to work in the same area. If you are an entrepreneur, submitting a business plan that outlines your project and its national impact can strengthen your case. Without a focused and credible description of your endeavor, even a strong profile may fall short.

Cover Letter (Petition Letter): It’s common to include a detailed cover letter or statement that acts as a legal brief. In this letter, you (or usually your immigration team) explicitly lay out how you meet each of the NIW criteria. This is where you’ll invoke the Matter of Dhanasar standard, explaining how your proposed endeavor has substantial merit and national importance, how you are well-positioned to advance it, and why granting the waiver is beneficial on balance. Essentially, you’re telling your story and making your case in narrative form, backed by the evidence that follows.

Supporting Evidence: Your petition isn’t just about telling your story, it’s about backing it up with documents that prove you’re qualified, that your work matters and that the U.S. would benefit from you staying in their country. Think of this as your professional portfolio, and everything in it should point back to one of two things:

• You’re a strong candidate under EB-2 (advanced degree or exceptional ability), and
• Your proposed work in the U.S. serves the national interest.

Here’s a closer look at the types of supporting evidence you’ll want to include, and how each one strengthens your case:

Academic Credentials

• Degrees and Transcripts: Include copies of your highest degrees (master’s, Ph.D., or bachelor’s + 5 years experience) with transcripts. If your degrees are from outside the U.S., include certified translations and credential evaluations if needed.
• Training Certifications: Any specialized training or coursework that supports your expertise in the proposed field.

Resume or CV

• A current, detailed CV or resume that clearly maps your education, work experience, publications, and any honors. Make it easy for a USCIS officer to see your trajectory and how it relates to your proposed endeavor.

Letters of Recommendation

• Strong recommendation letters from experts who can speak to the significance of your work and your contributions. Aim for a mix of:
• Independent recommenders: These can be individuals you haven’t worked directly with. Their letters tend to carry more weight.
• Collaborative recommenders: Colleagues or supervisors who can speak directly about your work.
• Ideal letters:
  
  • Use clear, accessible language (you’re not writing for a technical review board).
  • Emphasize the real-world impact or significance of your work to the U.S.
  • Highlight how your work is already being used or relied upon by others.

Casium team will work closely with you to identify the most strategic recommenders and craft compelling, tailored letters that clearly demonstrate your impact and alignment with the NIW criteria.

Publications & Citation Records

• A full list of journal articles, conference papers, book chapters, or books you’ve authored.
• Include citation counts (Google Scholar printouts work well) to show how others are building on your work.
• Add impact factors or rankings of journals where your work was published, especially if they’re among the top in your field.
• Don’t stress if your citation count isn’t big; context matters. You can strengthen this with letters explaining niche impact or early-career influence.

Awards & Honors

• National or international awards recognizing your work are especially compelling.
• Certificates, news articles, or official announcements about the award along with a sentence or two about what the award means, who gives it out, and how selective it is.
• Institutional or regional awards can help too, but national-level recognition carries more weight.

Press Coverage & Published Materials About You

• News articles, interviews, or features that focus on your work or achievements.
• These show both the impact and public interest in what you do, and that others outside your immediate circle value your contributions.
• Media with national or international reach (think Forbes, TechCrunch, Nature, BBC) are strongest.

Patents, Contracts & Commercial Use

• Copies of granted patents, pending applications, or license agreements.
• If your work has been commercialized, licensed, or adopted by other companies, please ensure to include supporting documentation.
• This could also include technology transfers, MOUs, or signed agreements showing your work is being applied.

Business Plans & Startup Evidence (for entrepreneurs)

• A clear and specific business plan for your venture.
• Include market research, product descriptions, and potential impact.
• Support with pitch decks, letters of support from investors or advisors, or partnership letters showing traction or community interest.

Research Proposals (for academic or scientific work)

• A forward-looking statement of proposed work, what you’ll be doing in the U.S., why it matters, and what outcomes you’re targeting.
• Include letters from institutions, collaborators, or funding agencies that support the project.

Government or Institutional Grants

• Evidence of past or current funding from reputable sources like NIH, NSF, DoD, or international equivalents.
• Show your name as a Principal Investigator or co-PI, or explain your role if part of a team.
• Grants demonstrate both the importance of your work and the trust others have placed in you to carry it forward.

Proof Others Rely on Your Work

• Emails, acknowledgments, or collaborations that show your work is informing or supporting others’ projects, like a professor who references your method in their published research, a company that’s implemented a system you designed, or a government agency using your framework in their policy reports.

Professional Memberships & Leadership Roles

• Membership in selective professional organizations that require achievements or nomination (e.g. IEEE Senior Member, ACM Distinguished Speaker).
• Leadership or committee roles in conferences, journals, or associations are also helpful.

Other Case-Specific Materials

• Implementation plans, project timelines, or market impact summaries.

• Anything that shows you have a plan and you’re ready to execute.

Forms and Timeline: You’ll include a signed Form I-140, the form’s filing fee, and typically a supplement called ETA-9089. You should also include proof of your identity and any immigration documents if you’re already in the U.S., such as your I-94 record or current visa status. Once your petition packet is ready, you will mail it to the appropriate USCIS Lockbox. You will receive a receipt notice from USCIS with a case number followed by the final decision after some time.

Under regular processing, an NIW I-140 petition can take a few months to over a year to be adjudicated (You can find the processing times here). The good news is that USCIS introduced Premium Processing for NIW petitions beginning January 30, 2023. With premium processing, for an extra fee, USCIS will review your NIW petition in approximately 45 days​.

While your I-140 is pending, you generally cannot derive any new benefits just from the filing. You typically continue in your current visa status. If USCIS needs more information, they will issue a Request for Evidence (RFE), giving you a chance to submit additional documentation.

Step 2: Applying for the Green Card (Permanent Residence)

An approved I-140 petition with a current priority date means you have essentially secured an immigrant visa number (or are in line for one) in the EB-2 category. The next step is to actually become a permanent resident. There are two paths:

• Adjustment of Status: If you are already inside the U.S. in a valid status and an approval notice, your priority date is current, you can file Form I-485 to adjust your status to permanent resident. For EB-2 NIW, the priority date is the date your I-140 was filed. You can file the I-485 after I-140 approval, or even concurrently with the I-140 if your priority date is current at the time of filing. Adjustment involves submitting forms for you and your immediate family, along with medical exam records and another set of fees. While your I-485 is pending, you can also apply for work authorization (EAD). It is important to note that once you file Form I-485, you should not leave the United States until permanent residency is granted unless you have received Advance Parole. Leaving without it is treated as abandoning your adjustment application. Advance Parole allows you to travel internationally while your green card application is still pending, without losing your place in the process. Eventually, USCIS may call you for an interview at a local office, although in some cases the interview is waived. Once the I-485 is approved, you and your family will receive your green cards.
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• Consular Processing: If you are outside the U.S., or prefer to finish the process abroad, you would go through consular processing. After the I-140 approval, you’d wait for the National Visa Center (NVC) to invite you to submit immigrant visa application forms (DS-260) and civil documents like police certificates, birth certificates, etc. Then you attend an interview at a U.S. embassy or consulate. Upon approval, you get an immigrant visa stamped in your passport to enter the U.S. as a permanent resident.

In summary, the NIW process looks like this:

The Matter of Dhanasar case is your guiding framework for what to emphasize. It changed the NIW standard by making it more flexible and attainable. Before 2016, an older case (NYSDOT) had stricter rules. Dhanasar swept those away and gave us the current 3-prong test​, focusing on the value of the endeavor, your ability to do it, and the benefit of waiving the job requirement. This was a positive development for NIW applicants, significantly broadening the types of professionals who can qualify​.

Many applicants who wouldn’t have qualified under the old rules, entrepreneurs or those in non-traditional careers, now have a shot at NIW. So when preparing your case, it’s wise to frame everything according to those prongs. If done successfully, you’ll move on to the actual green card stage and, hopefully, soon be living and working in the U.S. as a permanent resident, advancing your important work.

The EB-2 NIW process is detailed and sometimes complex, but it creates real opportunities for individuals whose work is making a difference. If you believe your background and proposed endeavor align with the national interest criteria, our team at Casium can help you evaluate your options and move forward with confidence.

We specialize in helping global professionals navigate the NIW process, from building strong petitions to understanding timelines, filing strategies, and long-term planning. At Casium, we are committed to helping great talent succeed and thrive in the United States.

Connect with us to speak with an expert, clarify your eligibility, or get support with your petition. We are here to help you find the path that is right for you.

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Related resources:

Justice.gov

USCIS: Working in the United States

USCIS: Service Center Forms Processing

USCIS: How Do I Request Premium Processing?

USCIS: ​​USCIS Announces Inflation Adjustment to Premium Processing Fees

USICS: Frequently Asked Questions on the USCIS Fee Rule

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